In this review we show that Algo Signals is a scam that won’t make you any money.

Algo Signals is a trading signals service for Forex and cryptocurrencies. The signals allegedly are of “high quality” and “effective”. This suggest they are profitable.

The signals are free, you can even try them on a demo, so do you have anything to lose? Unfortunately, yes!

Algo Signals scam

You should always be very suspicious when somebody is giving you free trading signals that are allegedly profitable. You see, if it was that easy to be profitable in trading, we all would be already very rich. You would have nothing to learn, just let a free robot trade with your money.

It sounds crazy, because it is crazy and impossible. When you see such an offer, it is extremely likely a scam. The first big lie you can see on the Algo Signals website is that they work with licensed brokers only. It’s not true, continue reading to see the truth.

Fake demo

The proof that Algo Signals is a scam lies in the trading platform. We tested it in the demo mode and right after the first everything was clear.

It made a trade on the AUD/USD claiming that it doubled the investment with a 3-pipette move, which is impossible in real trading. The trade is obviously fake.

This means that Algo Signals is faking demo results to make you believe it is profitable, and that means that in real trading it is not profitable.

How it really works

Why so much effort with such a crap that is free? The reason is simple, they have only one aim, to make you deposit money with an unregulated broker that they are affiliated with, so that they get paid a commission for referring you.

This unregulated broker they will push you to is MYfintec and you can be sure that if you send them your money, you will never see it again. So, this seemingly free signals service is made just to take your money via a third party.

Conclusion

Algo Signals is a scam that fakes demo results to make you lose money with an unregulated broker. Stay away from it!

There is no free money. If you want to make money in trading, you will have to devote time and learning to testing. You can practice on a free demo account with a regulated broker until you build a profitable strategy or until you decide trading is not for you, risk free.

Free signals and free trading robots always come with red flags.

The financial regulator of British Columbia has warned about an unlicensed broker called Broker Official.

Broker Official is a binary options and CFD broker that claims to be based in the UK. But it is not regulated at all, so it clearly is breaking at least the UK law.

The BCSC noted that Broker Official is also soliciting residents of Canada, which it is not authorized to do. This is why Broker Official is now on the BCSC’s black list.

For trading use regulated brokers only.

In this review we expose a chain of scam binary options, cryptocurrencies and Forex brokers.

This review is about the following brokers:

• 24 Platinum Safe
• 24 Trade Rush
• 24 Trade FX
• 24 Crypto Forex
• 247 Crypto FX
• 247 Fix Option
• Atlast Invest
• Binary Mate 24
• Clear Option 24
• Cryptovolt
• CryptoXoption
• FX Crypto Base
• FX Crypto Mine
• Gain 24 Option
• FX Trade Markets

As you can see on our picture, all these websites are basically are copies of the same, only the name changes. They obviously are run by the same entity.

Not regulated scam

All the websites mentioned in the list above claim to be operated by a regulated entity called BO Tradefinancials. But it is a big fat lie.

First of all, Tradefinancials does not operate any of these websites. Secondly, Tradefinancials is no longer regulated, so even it was operating these websites, they still would not be regulated.

Some of these scams claim to be associated with OptionFair, but they are not.

Fake testimonials

All the websites from the list feature the exact same testimonials with the same photos. But the name of the program is always 24 Crypto FX, which proves that the testimonials are fake.

Check our picture to see the proof. It is clear that these people are not real clients.

Beware

It is clear that all these websites are just tools to take your money. We have already received a complaint about one of them. They use the usual tricks, they will make you deposit, then they will tell you they made you money but that you have to deposit more in order to be allowed to withdraw.

But no matter what you do, no matter how much you deposit, they will never let you withdraw a single cent.

Conclusion

Atlast Invest, FX Crypto Base, 24 Platinum Safe and similar websites from our lists are hard scams that are here only to steal your money, stay away from them!

If you are interested in making money in trading, start by practicing on a free demo with a regulated broker.

You have to build a profitable strategy before you can switch to trading with real money.

This review explains why you have to stay away from the cryptocurrency robot Z Trader.

ZTrader is a software that can trade cryptocurrencies with automated strategies. It allegedly can make you in average 4% per day on your investment, because it wins 86% of all trades.

The robot is free for the first 7 days, then you can either pay a 0.75% fee on each transaction or 0.25 BTC per year. But it would not be a good idea…

ZTrader scam

The first red flag with Z Trader is the statement on the home page saying that it is the best crypto robot. If you say something like this, you have to prove it somehow, but ZTrader doesn’t. It is a very bold statement, but it is obviously a lie.

What really proves that it is a scam is the proclaimed performance of this robot. 4% per day means 120% per month and you can be sure that no crypto robot in the public domain can make this amount of money.

If it was really possible to more than double your money every month for a fee of roughly $1625 per year, this would be a miracle that all media would be talking about. So, no, ZTrader will not double your money every month, because it is a scam.

Warning

Another big red flag is that ZTrader wants you to deposit your bitcoins with it. This is not how a robot should work. A robot should connect to an exchange and trade there on your account. You should not send any money to the robot owner.

Especially when ZTrader is anonymous and you don’t know who is running it. They can just keep your bitcoins and do nothing.

ZTrader is a robot that is supposed to trade on your behalf, which makes it an investment advice service, so it needs a licence to be legal. But it is anonymous and illegal.

Conclusion

ZTrade is an obvious scam promising you the moon and wanting your bitcoins. Stay away from it! We say it all the time, these public free or cheap robots cannot double your money every month, they are all scams!

Profits in crypto trading are not free, you have to learn, test and build your own strategy. You can try it on a free demo with a regulated broker.

And remember that in trading you can make, but also lose money, so act accordingly.

In this review we express our concerns with the JH. Slade investment company.

JH. Slade or John H. Slade & Co. Inc. at johnslade.com is supposed to be an investment and wealth management company.

It will allow you to trade financial markets, manage your account and it even has retirement and fix income plans. The company allegedly is a member of the New York Stock Exchange and is a stock broker since 1940.

Huge red flags

We immediately saw there was something fishy about the website at johnslade.com, so we investigated a little further and identified several red flags.

The fact is that there was a certain John H. Slade who traded at the New York Stock Exchange, but he passed away in 2005. We found no real company of his name that would continue his business. Certainly no company of this name registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The johnslade.com domain was registered only in August 2018. The links to social profile on that website are blank. The link to some critical documents at the bottom of the page are not working.

And the phone number provided by JH. Slade leads to Medi Oasis Health Services.

All this makes us believe that JH. Slade is a scam, a boiler room that abuses a famous name.

Conclusion

JH. Slade obviously is not a genuine investment company, it looks like a simple scam to get your money.

In trading an investing be sure to work with regulated companies only.

The Financial Conduct Authority from the UK added two unregulated investment companies on its black list.

The first warning is about Blue Trading which provides managed accounts and financial trading. It is based in Japan and has offices in Switzerland, Ireland and Monaco. But it is not regulated anywhere.

The FCA said that Blue Trading is providing financial services in the UK without the necessary authorization.

The second warning is about Richmond Investing, which is a company that offers trading services and trading signals.

The FCA has found that Richmond Investing is not regulated, moreover it is unlawfully using details of an authorized firm (Richmond Investments), which it has nothing in common with.

For trading use regulated brokers only.

In this review we prove that Crypto Challenge is a scam. It is presented by Michael Swanson.

Swanson created the Crypto Challenge to show you how you can make $50,000 a month in crypto trading. He will give you his strategies that will allegedly allow you to just achieve these earnings.

The Crypto Challenge costs $37, so can you become rich with such a cheap strategy?

Crypto Challenge scam

Unfortunately, the Crypto Challenge is just another scam that is abusing cryptocurrencies.

The first giveaway is that Swanson is showing you charts from last year and forgets to mention that this year cryptocurrencies are continuously going down.

You see, investing in cryptocurrencies is not as simple as buying anytime and becoming rich one month later…

Michael Swanson Scammer

Swanson is not a real person, not a real crypto trader, let alone a successful one. He is a scammer, although the real name of the creator of this scam remains unknown.

Check our picture to see that Swanson’s photo is in fact a stock photo.

Fake testimonials

The Crypto Challenge video starts with positive reviews. But don’t trust them, these people are paid actors, they haven’t made a dime with this program.

Scams often use paid actors that are willing to provide fake testimonials for money, and this is precisely the case you are facing.

The truth

The truth is that you cannot take a few hundreds of dollars and make $50,000 in one month with cryptocurrencies. Especially now, when cryptos are going down. Swanson is lying, he is a scammer, his illegal investment advice cannot make you that kind of money.

Nobody knows for sure what will happen with cryptocurrencies. We believe cryptos with real world utility have a bright future, but you have to do your own research and make your own trading decisions. And invest only money that you can afford to lose.

Conclusion

The Crypto Challenge is dumb scam made to take your money, stay away from it!

If you want to trade cryptocurrencies, start by practicing on a free demo so that you don’t risk.

Don’t invest real money until you are sure what you are doing.

In this review we have a look at the investment program SwiftFX and we explain why you have to stay away from it.

SwiftFX is supposed to be a company that provides an asset management program. You deposit bitcoins and you allegedly get paid profits after a certain time.

The investment plans offer up to 600% per month, which would mean multiplying your money six times in just 30 days. Is it real?

SwiftFX scam

In reality SwiftFX is a Ponzi scheme, which means a scam. You just need to look at the numbers, 600% is something impossible in the real world of investing, trading and mining cryptocurrencies. That’s a fact.

You can be sure that any program offering 600% per month is a scam, there just is no other way.

Fake company

The SwiftFX.ltd website displays a company registration in the UK, but the entity running the website has obviously nothing to the with the real SwiftFX Limited company.

Moreover, SwiftFX Limited is a dormant company that was never authorized to provide investment services, so in any case SwiftFX.ltd is an unlicensed and therefore illegal investment program.

Conclusion

SwiftFX is a scam, a Ponzi scheme that might or might not pay a few profits at the beginning, but will for sure collapse very quickly.

If you are interested in making money in trading, you have to start learning and practicing on a demo account, so that you can build yourself a proper and profitable trading strategy.

But forget about making hundreds of percent per month, it is not possible.

This review explains that Ace Crypto Trade is a scam that should be avoided.

Ace Crypto Trade claims to be a project that is channeling investments into bitcoin mining. It offers several investment plans with returns up to 25% per week, which means 100% per month.

Can you really double your money every month with Ace Crypto Trade?

Ace Crypto Trade scam

No, you cannot double your money every month with Ace Crypto Trade, because it is a scam. The reason is simple, it is absolutely impossible to double your money in bitcoin mining. That’s a fact and there is no way around it.

It means that any program offering 100% per month (or even “just” 40% per month) in bitcoin mining is a scam. Period.

Fake company

Ace Crypto Trade claims to be regulated. It is true that it needs to be regulated in order to offer this kind of services legally. But it is not.

Ace Crypto Trade allegedly is based in England, but the company is not registered with the Financial Conduct Authority, thus it is not regulated and it is illegal.

How it works

It’s obvious that Ace Crypto Trade is either a total scam or a Ponzi scheme that might pay some profits at the beginning, but only at the expense of new deposits, which makes it also a scam that is going to collapse anyway.

Conclusion

Ace Crypto Trade is a scam that you should not put your money into if you don’t want to lose it.

With current crypto prices it is almost impossible to make money in mining, but you can try crypto trading instead. If you are interested, start on a free demo with a regulated broker.

But remember that in trading money can be made and lost, so be careful.

Read this review to learn why Fiscal Investment (Trypto) is a scam that you should not invest money into.

Fiscal Investment proposes an investment into the Fiscal Coin, which is supposed to be a new cryptocurrency.

There is eight different investment plans with daily interests going up to 10%. This means 300% per month without compounding. Is it real?

Fiscal Invesment scam

It really doesn’t matter what the program is supposed to be about, because any investment offer with 300% per month is a scam, there is no other possibility in the crypto space. No legit business can make this kind of money.

This leaves us with only one possibility about the true nature of Trypto / Fiscal Investment, it is a scam.

It might pay some profits the first days and act like a Ponzi scheme. It means that it would use deposits to pay out the profits, but such plan always fails in the end, because of withdrawals exceeding deposits.

Fake team

A tangible proof that Fiscal Investment is a scam is in the alleged team that is behind this project.

It obviously is a fake team, links to LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter are blank, moreover stock photos were used to portray the team members, see our picture with a proof.

In reality there is no legit team or company behind Fiscal Investment.

Conclusion

Trypto / Fiscal Investment is a scam that is designed to lose people’s money, stay away from it!

If you want to trade cryptocurrencies to make money, start on a free demo with a regulated broker to get a sense of how it works.

You have to build a profitable strategy before eventually switching to real money trading.

The Financial Markets Authority from New Zealand has warned about the cryptocurrency website Coin Link NZ.

Coinlinknz.co.nz is a cryptocurrency exchange that is supposed to let you exchange coins like bitcoin, bitcoin cash, monero, dash, dogecoin and litecoin.

But the FMA has warned that CoinLinkNZ.co.nz has the characteristics of a scam and that it is not associated in any way with the real and registered company Coin Link NZ Limited.

For crypto trading use regulated brokers only.

This review explains that Bitcoin Compass is a scam designed to lose your money.

Bitcoin Compass is supposed to be a program that will allow you to invest into bitcoin and make money.

This program allegedly is very profitable, because according to the presentation, members are among the wealthiest people in the world and make millions without lifting a finger.

So, can you become a millionaire with Bitcoin Compass?

Bitcoin Compass scam

No, you won’t become a millionaire with Bitcoin Compass. In fact, it won’t make you any money, because it’s a scam.

Hiding the present

Bitcoin Compass makes it look like bitcoin is continuously going up and that you have just to invest to make money. But it is not true, this year bitcoin has lost 68% of its peak value from December last year.

All cryptocurrencies are going down this year. Although it does not necessarily mean that they won’t go up again, it is a fact that you have to know.

Fake testimonials

On the Bitcoin Compass website you will find stories of people who are allegedly making big money with this program, but all these reviews and testimonials are fake.

You just have to compare the English and German version to see that the stories are the same, but names are different, although the faces don’t change! These photos have been obviously stolen, these people are not real users of Bitcoin Compass.

How it really works

The real purpose of Bitcoin Compass is to make you deposit and lose money with an unregulated broker called Brighter Trade.

That’s the first thing they will ask you to do after registering, to deposit at least $250, but you can expect some aggressive calls later to deposit much more. This is how they get your money.

Conclusion

Bitcoin Compass is a scam that can only lose your money, stay away from it!

If you are interested in trading cryptocurrencies, start on a free demo with a regulated broker.

Practice until you have a solid strategy, only then you can switch to real money trading.

The British Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has added three unregulated brokers to its list.

The three unregulated brokers are InstaFX24, Capitals Banks and Bestivnest. The first one is allegedly based in Marshall Islands, meanwhile the other two in Britain.

Despite none of them being regulated, they are offering their services in regulated countries like the UK. That’s why the FCA has warned the public against them.

For trading use regulated brokers only.

In this review we prove that Aussie Formula is a dirty scam. It is presented by Jake Wilson.

Wilson claims that he created a software that can trade financial markets with a 98% win ratio. This allows it to generate average daily profits of $1000 with just $300 as starting capital.

And wait, miracles are not over, because Wilson is giving his Aussie Formula away for free. Strange, isn’t it?

Aussie Formula scam

The truth is that Aussie Formula is just a cloned scam, we have already exposed it when it was called the Brit Formula, see our picture for a comparison.

The roots of this scam are several years old, it has countless clones, like the Brit Method or the Saffa Method. It was translated in every major language.

It always uses the same video and the same bogus story.

Jake Wilson scammer

Jake Wilson is not the creator of the Aussie Formula, this guy does not exist. It is a fictitious character made up by scammers.

Check our picture and you will see that his alleged picture is in fact a stock photo. The same trick has been used with all the other versions of this scam.

Fake testimonials

In the Aussie Formula video you will see people endorsing the program, but they are paid actors, and as we already mentioned, the same video has been used by all the different versions of this scam for years.

The static testimonials on the website are fake too, stolen photos were used, these people are not real users of the system.

How it really works

In reality Aussie Formula is not free. Right after signing up they will tell you that you have to deposit money with a selected broker, you will have no choice. This broker will be unregulated.

People who run this scam get paid by this broker for sending him new victims who will deposit and lose money, that’s how it works.

Conclusion

The Aussie Formula is a well-known old scam with a new name, stay away from it!

If you are really interested in making money in trading, start risk free on a demo account with a regulated broker.

There are things you must understand and learn to become profitable. Only if you manage to do that in testing, you can then switch to real money trading.

In this review we explain why you should not buy any trading robot from Forex Robot Trader. It is presented by Don Steinitz.

The FRT website is selling Forex robots. It claims that all robots are profitable. Each robot is allegedly making tens of thousands of dollars per month, meanwhile all robots together make tens of thousands of pips per month.

The robots cost between $49 and $129 and they display profits between $27,000 and $170,000 per month.

Is it that cheap to make this much money?

Forex Robot Trader scam

We examined the stats of all the FRT robots we found:

• Odin Forex Robot
• Vader Forex Robot
• Ganon Forex Robot
• Reaper Forex Robot
• Falcor Forex Robot
• Pterodactyl Forex Robot
• HASMTF
• Hedge Forex Robot
• Volatility Forex Robot
• Fractal Breakout Robot
• Waverunner Forex Robot
• Directional Forex Robot

And we did not know if we should laugh or cry. Because all these robots are obviously screaming scams. Or do you really think that a robot that can make you hundreds of thousands of dollars per year will cost $49?

If making money in Forex markets was that easy and cheap, nobody would be working and we all would be extremely rich. Unfortunately, Forex trading is not that easy.

Anonymous and illegal

Selling trading robots is considering as selling investment advice in most countries. In other words you have to have a licence from a national financial regulator to be able to sell trading robots.

But Forex Robot Trader is anonymous, there is no contact information, nothing. This means that it cannot sell its robots legally in most countries.

Even providing you credit card details to an anonymous party like this is scary and should not be done under any circumstances.

Conclusion

Forex Robot Trader is a scam website selling robots that cannot make you the money they advertise, stay away from them!

The truth is that to make profits in trading you have to find your own way, test and learn until you can trade profitably. There are no shortcuts. You can start practicing on a free demo with a regulated broker.

And don’t forget that in trading money can be not only made, but also lost, so be careful.

This review highlights the problems there are with the Dominant Finance company.

Dominant Finance is a company that proposes investments in mining and it is also managing cryptocurrencies on exchanges, it is trading with them.

The investment plans offer a minimum revenue of 10% per month, meanwhile the maximum is 20% per month. Plus, you can get additional tens of percent in the affiliate program from the deposits of people you referred to the program.

Is Dominant Finance legit?

Dominant Finance scam

It might not seem obvious at first sight, but Dominant Finance is a scam.

Numbers don’t add up

10% per month might not seem too much, it would mean 120% per year, which would mean 20% net per year in crypto mining. But even 20% is too high for current crypto prices.

But Dominant Finance is offering up to 20% per month, which would mean 240% per year, 140% net per year, and this is plain impossible in crypto mining nowadays.

Also, they guarantee a minimum return, which is another sign of scam, because such a thing cannot be guaranteed, because there are unknowns that cannot be influenced (future crypto prices, mining difficulty).

And that’s not all. The affiliate program offers additional tens of percent across several levels. Plus, Dominant Finance would not do all this for free, they need a certain percentage for themselves to run the company.

Sum it all up and Dominant Finance would have to generate more than 50% per month in mining, which is totally impossible. This leaves us with only one possible outcome, it is a scam.

Illegal company

Dominant Finance is not hiding that it is a company providing investment services. They don’t say you are renting mining power, they say you invest into mining hardware and get profits.

Moreover, they say they do trading and asset management. All these are activities that are regulated, so you need a licence from a financial regulator valid in every country you target.

But Dominant Finance is not regulated in any country, they have just basic tax registrations that are not authorization to provide financial or investment services. On our picture you will see the situation in the UK. The company is only four months old, it has no proven history.

Other problems

There are some more red flags with Dominant Finance. For example, their webcam that is supposed to show you their mining rigs in real time is currently not working.

Also, the link to the transparent crypto wallet where you could see all the transaction is not working either.

Their claims about insurance of funds are obviously bogus, the screenshots from exchanges don’t prove anything, they can be faked in seconds. An insurance must be provided by a third independent party, otherwise it is worth nothing.

How it really works

Because of the very high returns and extremely generous affiliate programs with fancy cars and other things it is clear that Dominant Finance is a multi level Ponzi scheme.

This means that it might pay some profits at the beginning, but the deposits will be used for that, there is not any significant revenue generated in mining, nothing that could sustain the investment plans. So, it will fail, the only question is when.

Conclusion

Dominant Finance is an obvious scam, it offers impossible returns. Stay away from it!

Mining is not profitable nowadays, currently you can make money in crypto trading, but it requires learning and building your own profitable strategy. You can try it on a free demo with a regulated broker.

And don’t forget that in trading you can make, but also lose money, so be responsible.

This review shows that BTC Summit is not a mining project, but a scam.

BTC Summit is supposed to be a program that lets you invest into crypto mining and reap the rewards.

Currently there are four investment plans with returns up to 7% per day, which means 110% net per month. Can you really double your money every month with this program?

BTC Summit scam

No, you cannot double your money every month with BTC Summit, because it is a scam. It is just impossible to make 110% net per month in crypto mining. That’s a fact that means that anybody promising you such returns from mining is a scammer, there is no other way.

These profits are impossible in mining not only now because of current prices, but they were impossible also in the past when crypto prices were higher.

Illegal company

BTC Summit show a company registration in the UK, but you have to realize that this is only a tax registration that almost anybody can get.

The thing you need to provide this kind of services is a licence from the Financial Conduct Authority, but BTC Summit doesn’t have it.

It means that BTC Summit is operating illegally.

How it works

BTC Summit is a classic Ponzi scheme. There is no real business activity going on, just a redistribution of money that was deposited by clients. As you can guess, such a scheme always collapses very quickly, and that’s what’s going to happen with BTC Summit too.

Conclusion

BTC Summit is an ordinary scam, a Ponzi scheme that will collapse soon. Stay away from it!

Cloud mining is not profitable nowadays. You can try to make money in trading cryptocurrencies. If you are interested, try it on a free demo first.

Trading requires understanding of the risks and a good strategy to achieve profits, so act accordingly.

The Financial Conduct Authority from Great Britain has published a warning about the broker 4XPremium.

4XPremium is a Forex broker that offers trading with currency pairs via the Metatrader platform.

However, the broker is anonymous, there is no contact information on its website, it is impossible to know who runs it and where they are from.

The FCA has warned that 4XPremium is not regulated, so it is not authorized to provide its services not only in Britain.

For trading use regulated brokers only.

This review proves that the Bitcoin Malay system is a total scam. It is presented by Jasper Boyle.

The Bitcoin Malay System is a trading program for bitcoin. It can trade for you on autopilot, meanwhile it allegedly is capable of earning you thousands of dollars per month.

You can get the Bitcoin Malay System for free, so is this free money?

Bitcoin Malay System scam

The truth is that Bitcoin Malay System is a scam. It is not about trading cryptocurrencies, it is about taking money away from you.

In fact, it is a clone of the Britcoin System scam that we have already reviewed. Check our picture to se a comparison. Scammers used the same website with the same video, they just changed the name of the program.

Lies

One of the main problems of Bitcoin Malay System is that it is lying about the current state of crypto markets. In the video you hear that bitcoin is steadily going up, but it is not true.

This year all cryptos have been going down, bitcoin is down about 68% from its peak value from last December. Therefore, the Bitcoin Malay System presentation is very misleading.

Fake testimonials

In the Bitcoin Malay System video you will also see several people endorsing the program, they claim they have been earning money with it. But it is not true.

All the people you see in the video are paid actors, they have not earned a single cent with this program. These people are known for supporting scam, you will find the proof on our picture.

How it really works

The real purpose of Bitcoin Malay System is to make you lose money with an unregulated broker. When you sign up, you will pushed to deposit money with a certain broker.

Scammers who run this program cooperate with this broker and get paid for referring new victims that will lose their money. This is how it really works.

Conclusion

Bitcoin Malay System is a cloned scam that wants to steal your money, stay away from it!

If you are interested in making money in genuine crypto trading, you will have to test and learn until you can trade profitably. You can practice on a free demo with a regulated broker.

Don’t forget that in trading you can make, but also lose money, so be careful and manage your expectations.

UK’s Financial Conduct Authority has warned the public about the activities of LDC Crypto.

LDC Crypto is a crypto investment project that is supposed to use its own LDC token. It also provides a trading platform for its users.

The FCA has warned that LDC Crypto is using some information that belongs to another company that is not associated with it any way.

LDC Crypto is not regulated and is misleading investors, therefore it should be avoided.

For trading use regulated entities only.